Review: Karczmarczyk, P., El lenguaje privado a contrapelo, Buenos Aires- La Plata, EDULP, 370 páginas.

Reseña de: SANTIAGO, Gustavo. Filosofía con los más pequeños: fundamento y experiencias. Buenos Aires: Centro de Publicaciones Educativas y Material Didáctico - Novedades Educativas, 2002.

Ideología y subjetivación desde una intervención filosófica materialista. Lectura sintomática y crítica. Resumen de Tesis de Doctorado en Filosofía de Fabiana Parra.

A number of people have recently argued for a structural approach to accounting for the applications of mathematics. Such an approach has been called "the mapping account". According to this view, the applicability of mathematics is fully accounted for by appreciating the relevant structural similarities between the empirical system under study and the mathematics used in the investigation ofthat system. This account of applications requires the truth of applied mathematical assertions, but it does not require the existence of mathematical objects. (...) In this paper, we discuss the shortcomings of this account, and show how these shortcomings can be overcome by a broader view of the application of mathematics: the inferential conception. (shrink)

This essay represents an attempt to bring prostitutes’ and clients’ voices into the philosophical discourse about prostitution. We wish to add the voices of individual prostitutes and clients in order to expand the contemporary philosophical understanding of prostitution as a complex and problematic ethical concern. The first section of this essay explains the concepts of subjectivity, sexuality, and violence that underpin our analysis of prostitution. The second section scrutinizes the prostitute’s and client’s motivating goals and the means they use to (...) accomplish them. The third, and final, section presents a phenomenological description of prostituted sex from the prostitute’s and client’s respective viewpoints. (shrink)

La democracia vista desde premisas filosóficas críticas es la forma de poder que incentiva una estrategia vigorosa que sostiene el régimen económico globalizado y enajena los derechos fundamentales. Se explica su inicio en la antigüedad griega y su resurgimiento en el siglo de las luces en Francia con Rousseau hasta anclarse en la política contemporánea como el régimen “de las mayorías” y “de la equidad socio política”. La democracia desde la modernidad se desarrolla en América Latina como régimen de una (...) ideología que incentiva la retórica demagógica, siendo capaz de encubrir los totalitarismos y las dictaduras. La democracia, régimen político, ideología de instrumento constitucional de la economía globalizada somete hoy por hoy las consciencias y acapara con fuerza las estrategias de los dispositivos de dominación y de control. Nuestro propósito es tomar partido por una posición Latinoamericana, desde un cambio de valoración subjetiva que contrarreste los mecanismos que la promueven y respaldan. Palabras clave: democracia; democracia en América Latina; desarrollo histórico; subjetivación; autonomía social. Which Democracy for Latin America?Democracy, viewed from critical philosophical premises, is the form of power that incentives a vigorous strategy supporting the globalized economical regime and alienates fundamental rights. Its beginning can be tracked to Ancient Greece, and its resurgence in France’s Century of Lights with Rousseau, ultimately settling down in contemporary politics as the regime “of majorities” and of “socio-political equity”. From Modern Times democracy unfolds in Latin America as a regime linked with an ideology which encourages demagogical rhetoric and is capable of covering up totalitarianisms and dictatorships. Democracy, as a political regime and the ideology of globalized economy, subjugates consciences and fiercely monopolizes the devices of domination and control. Our aim is to argue for a Latin American stand, stemming from a change of subjective valuation which counteracts the mechanisms that promote and support the former. Keywords: Democracy; Democracy in Latin America; Human Development; Subjectivation; Social Autonomy. (shrink)

Nesta breve comunicação, buscamos reconstituir, dialética e politicamente, os contextos históricos da produção institucional do Design Industrial diante dos processos econômicos e sociais da eclosão e afirmação do modo de produção capitalista e seus mecanismos materiais e sócio-políticos, a partir do manejo e consideração das categorias, conceitos e formas de analisar determinado fenômeno, próprias do campo da Filosofia da Educação. This communication, we seek to reconstruct, dialectic and politically, the historical contexts of institutional production of Industrial Design on the economic (...) and social processes of emergence and affirmation of the capitalist mode of production and their material mechanisms and socio-political, from the handling and consideration categories, concepts and ways to analyze a given phenomenon, peculiar to the field of Philosophy of Education. (shrink)

Since the later decades of the 20 th century, Brazilian psychologists have been questioning a theoretical and interventional model in educational contexts, which consider psychological phenomena apart from their cultural contexts, in order to develop an approach based on a contextualized viewpoint. Despite progress having been made in educational psychology, as a result of this critical paradigm, this area still has problems to overcome: Psychologists are becoming increasingly separate from schools, and it is now common to find psychologists who are (...) professionally unprepared to perform in this context and furthermore, school principals do not always understand the role of psychologists in educational settings. However, educational demands exist in psychologists’ daily work in a range of contexts, indicating the relevance of this field and the urgency to improve psychologists' qualifications. Considering that Brazilian professional development programs for educators and psychologists are usually restricted to technical learning, often ignoring professionals’ real needs and claims, this research aimed to develop a special type of professional development program looking at the group as a source of development, in order to rethink professional development process from within a collaborative perspective. Research data was generated from a professional development program offered for psychologists and professionals who work within educational settings. This programme involved collaborative group work and was organized and conducted in such a way as to create conditions for change. Concepts of cultural-historical theory – social situation of development, crisis and perezhivanie – were used as analytic tools for data analysis. Analysis indicated the importance of the group as a source of development through dialogue and the co-construction of new ideas and possibilities. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound effects on all aspects of society. Families were among those directly impacted by the first measures imposed by health authorities worldwide to contain the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 virus, where social distancing and mandatory quarantine were the main approaches implemented. Notably, little is yet known about how social distancing during COVID-19 has altered families' daily routines, particularly regarding music-related behaviors. The aim of this study was 2-fold: (i) to explore changes in (...) families' daily routine and caregivers' levels of well-being and stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and (ii) to investigate whether musical behaviors of caregivers and the children under their care (aged from 3 to 6 years old) changed during social distancing. One hundred and eighty-eight caregivers residing in Brazil participated in an online cross-sectional study conducted between July and August 2020. Our findings suggest significant changes in families' dynamics during the COVID-19 outbreak, with parents (especially mothers) spending more time on childcare and a substantial decrease in caregiver's well-being. Regarding music-related behaviors, our results revealed considerable changes in caregivers' and children's musical activities at home during social distancing, including an increase in child-only musical behaviors and shared caregiver-child activities. Moreover, sociodemographic factors such as caregiver background and well-being as well as the child's disability status significantly influenced musical engagement at home during social distancing. This study captured some features of the home musical environment of middle-class families in Brazil in the first stages of social distancing restrictions during the pandemic and caregivers' role in providing an environment where musical experiences are nurtured. Further research is needed to better understand aspects such as the long-term impact of the changes of musical behaviors at home on musical parenting and families' well-being. (shrink)

Elizabeth A. Povinelli, Franz Boas Professor at Columbia University, is a philosopher and anthropologist who has critically engaged with Michel Foucault’s ideas as well as scholarship inspired by his works. Povinelli has been dedicated to research on colonialism within liberalism and is also a filmmaker and founding member of The Karrabing Film Collective. The film collective is part of a larger organization of Aboriginal peoples and artists living in the Australian Northern Territory that refuses ‘fantasies of sovereignty and property’.[1] As (...) Povinelli shares with us during the interview, her trajectory was constituted in the middle of the 1980s following her life-changing encounter with the elders in Belyuen in the Australian Northern Territory. In the wake of that encounter, and with urgent issues raised about indigeneity due to changes in Australian law, Povinelli has been working even closer with her Karrabing family. The changes in law both acknowledged Aboriginal peoples' rights to their territory and imposed certain ideas of identity, family and culture, producing an entanglement between rights and government. These efforts to manage differences – cultural, race, gender – are problematized and deciphered in Povinelli’s ethnographic work with a focus on how late settler liberalism has been reconfigured with novel expressions of colonialism and imperialism. Now embedded... (shrink)

A pesquisa procura não só conceituar e expor a estética de Hegel, mas também elucidar seu pensamento referente à questão. Em suas palavras, estética seria o belo artístico, criado pelo homem. Nesse sentido, a ascendência da arte está na precisão que o homem tem de objetivar seu espírito, morfosiando o mundo e também se transformando. Assim, nas páginas que se seguem há uma exposição do conceito vulgar de estética em contraponto a visão hegeliana, para tanto, o filósofo cita a ascensão (...) e declínio do conceito de arte e estética buscando contextualizá-la enquanto função na história do homem. (shrink)

The collective works edited by Emmanuel Alloa and Adnen Jdey, Du sensible à l’oeuvre, and by Mauro Carbone, L’empreinte du visuel, meet the dual requirementimposed by reading the work of Merleau-Ponty today: on one hand, they extend the philosopher’s thought and highlight its obvious necessity in reading the mostcontemporary art; and, on the other hand, by not allowing themselves to be lulled by the gentle seduction of the writing, they emphasize the coherence of his thought andthe rigor of certain of (...) his key concepts such as style, resumption, flesh or individuation, which are the object of precise and unpublished studies. (shrink)

An account of scientific representation in terms of partial structures and partial morphisms is further developed. It is argued that the account addresses a variety of difficulties and challenges that have recently been raised against such formal accounts of representation. This allows some useful parallels between representation in science and art to be drawn, particularly with regard to apparently inconsistent representations. These parallels suggest that a unitary account of scientific and artistic representation is possible, and our article can be viewed (...) as laying the groundwork for such an account—although, as we shall acknowledge, significant differences exist between these two forms of representation. (shrink)

We examine, from the partial structures perspective, two forms of applicability of mathematics: at the “bottom” level, the applicability of theoretical structures to the “appearances”, and at the “top” level, the applicability of mathematical to physical theories. We argue that, to accommodate these two forms of applicability, the partial structures approach needs to be extended to include a notion of “partial homomorphism”. As a case study, we present London's analysis of the superfluid behavior of liquid helium in terms of Bose‐Einstein (...) statistics. This involved both the introduction of group theory at the top level, and some modeling at the “phenomenological” level, and thus provides a nice example of the relationships we are interested in. We conclude with a discussion of the “autonomy” of London's model. (shrink)

Recuperamos, na esteira de trabalhos apresentados e publicados nos anais das edições 38, 39 e 40 das Reuniões Anuais da Anped, textos que abordam a escola, a educação popular, seus cenários e personagens, na periferia e no campo. Textos que observam a escola que temos e que enunciam pesquisas e propostas para a aquisição e partilha de conhecimentos de forma mais horizontalizada e dialógica. São olhos e olhares para o passado com vistas ao futuro, que na presente proposta de texto (...) somos levados a pensá-los em paralelo às figuras mitológicas de Jano e Sankofa. Partindo do diálogo, passando pela compreensão da não-neutralidade das práticas, pela formação docente permanente, pelo trabalho constante com a diferença, e chegando à reflexão decolonial e contra-hegemônica, os debates presentes nos textos em questão pensam e abordam os limites e possibilidades atravessados pela escola, na tentativa de erigir uma escola mais democrática, humana e afeita à vida. O presente artigo partiu da revisão bibliográfica das publicações do GT6 nos três últimos encontros anuais (2017, 2019 e 2021), aplicando-se sobre eles filtros relativos à escola pública e à educação popular. Buscaram-se confluências, similaridades ou mesmo divergências que apontassem a emergência de um novo paradigma de educação, destoante do modelo hegemônico, afeito às virtudes de uma civilização orientada para o neoliberalismo, para a competitividade e para as necessidades do mercado. Indícios sugestivos nos levam a crer que assuntos caros à educação popular, como questões de gênero e localidade ganharam mais protagonismo, em momentos de forte ataque à escola pública e à educação progressista. (shrink)

In this paper a constructive empiricist account of scientific change is put forward. Based on da Costa's and French's partial structures approach, two notions of empirical adequacy are initially advanced (with particular emphasis on the introduction of degrees of empirical adequacy). Using these notions, it is shown how both the informativeness and the empirical adequacy requirements of an empiricist theory of scientific change can then be met. Finally, some philosophical consequences with regard to the role of structures in this context (...) are drawn.Now, we daily see what science is doing for us. This could not be unless it taught us something about reality; the aim of science is not things themselves, as the dogmatists in their simplicity imagine, but the relations between things; outside those relations there is no reality knowable. (shrink)

Buscar-se-á desenvolver no presente artigo a temática do racismo e sua forma de operar dentro de um contexto no qual se verifica a existência de uma biopolítica, e, posteriormente, de uma necropolítica; com enfoque no seu potencial de dividir e estigmatizar populações. Para isso, faz-se necessário identificar a atuação do racismo de Estado trabalhado por Michel Foucault no curso “Em Defesa da Sociedade” (2005) e de outras formas de racismo no cenário capitalista em dois momentos distintos: o primeiro englobando o (...) período de atuação da biopolítica, e o segundo, em que verifica-se a insurgência do que o pensador camaronês Achille Mbembe (2003) chama de necropolítica. Destarte, o caminho a ser seguido inicia-se na explanação do conceito de biopolítica, enfatizando a necessidade verificada na fase de expansão do capitalismo em manter corpos vivos, dóceis e produtivos; seguida da análise do racismo de Estado tal qual pensado por Foucault como produtor de cisões e diferenças dentro do corpo social; a identificação das alterações de contexto do capitalismo como sistema econômico, pautada nas diferenças da fase expansionista e de consolidação para a fase de declínio e crise mundial; e, por fim, a consideração da necropolítica como possível forma de atualização, expansão e deslocamento do pensamento foucaultiano para as periferias do capitalismo na fase de crise do sistema, onde o modo de operar da política passa a ser o “trabalho de morte”. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é determinar as evidências do irracionalismo nos textos iniciais de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos com respeito à teoria do conhecimento, considerando o período de preparação do autor para seu posicionamento posterior na fenomenologia. Para tanto, foi realizada análise imanente dos textos selecionados (1939-1955). Os resultados sugerem que as evidências do irracionalismo compareceram pela adesão do autor ao agnosticismo relativista presente nas posições do existencialismo e da fenomenologia, preenchendo assim uma lacuna na pesquisa a respeito do pensamento do (...) sociólogo brasileiro. Tal adesão se deu em circunstância de reação ao marxismo elegido como adversário a ser combatido, da mesma maneira em que fora confrontado por tendências irracionalistas na filosofia. (shrink)

This paper aims to reflect upon ethical dilemmas arising from educational research in humanitarian contexts, particularly when involving children. In recognition of the paucity of knowledge on how...

The study aimed to identify risk attitudes of users of the Food and Nutrition Unit (UAN)located in Botucatu, SP; correlate them to food safety and to observe if there were behavioral changes after indirect educational intervention. This is an exploratory qualitative analysis study, using a non-participant observation technique. Initially, we sought to identify the most common risk attitudes among users, to develop educational materials relating the conduct during self-service to the possible risks of contamination, and thus to verify if there (...) were behavioral changes. Poor hand hygiene was seen as one of the most important points to work on, as none of the diner participants performed such an attitude. It was possible to observe small changes in the behavior of some users, showing that educational measures should be applied continuously for better awareness and greater effects. (shrink)

O livro de Kant Antropologia de um ponto de vista pragmático, até nossos dias, ainda tem indefinido seu papel diante da filosofia transcedental. Por não haver, na obra de Kant, uma delimitação clara entre as várias antropologias, a saber, a empírica e a prática, e a devido a algumas afirmações não claras do próprio autor, percebe-se que aquele livro ainda é motivo de interpretações controvertidas por parte daqueles que o analisaram. Este texto representa um esforço no sentido de apreende o (...) papel e a posição que o livro em referência tem na totalidade da produção de Kant. (shrink)

Este artigo estabelece a relação entre apercepção transcendental e identidade, existência e percepção, e procura com isso mostrar que, embora esteja na base da estrutura cognitiva humana, a autoconsciência não elabora conhecimento.

O texto é dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, constituída de três partes, são considerados os principais conceitos da Doutrina do direito de Kant, numa abordagem abrangente relativa: ao problema das relações entre o direito natural e o direito positivo, problema estreitamente conectado com o das relações entre estado de natureza e estado civil, direito privado e direito público; à doutrina da propriedade e sua conexão com o direito político. Ao tratar do direito nos seus diversos tipos tenciona-se indicar a (...) razão prática como pano de fundo da Doutrina. Numa segunda etapa, concernente à última parte, a consideração da presença da razão prática no direito é colocada perante algumas especificidades da filosofia da história de Kant, com o intento de estabelecer a possível relação entre a Rechtslehre e aquela filosofia. (shrink)

Este segundo fascículo do volume 35 de TRANS/FORM/AÇÃO apresenta ao leitor um conjunto de artigos que abrangem a filosofia antiga, a moderna e a contemporânea, com análises pertinentes à filosofia de Platão, Kant, Karl Marx, Heidegger, Jacques Derrida, à teoria do romance, à teoria psicanalítica de Freud, ao tema dos direitos humanos, e ao estatuto da Filosofia e da Ciência.

This paper brings notes regarding Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language and its presence in habermasian philosophy by means of the basic concept language game. The approach of language of the second Wittgenstein reaches a rather culturalist abstraction, which, however, disclaims him of the pretension of being a theoretical of language, but in Habermas, this approach is put with an intention: the systematization of the universal pragmatics, which he presents as a theory of language games.

The current study verified the association between cognitive process such as attention, executive functioning, and legal capacity in patients with bipolar disorder. The sample consisted of 72 participants, assorted to episodic patients, euthymic patients, and healthy controls. We used the following neuropsychological measures: subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale : vocabulary and matrix reasoning; Continuous Performance Test ; Five Digit Test ; and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure. Euthymic patients expressed slower processing speed compared to HC. They tended to make more (...) errors with slightly worse discrimination, suggesting more impulsiveness. On the contrary, episodic patients showed worse discrimination, committed more omissions, were more inconsistent with regard to response speed, showed more difficulties in organizing their actions, and were more rigid. The results suggest that bipolar patients in episode express more cognitive impairments that can compromise the quality of legal capacity. These results highlight the need for more protective support for episodic BD patients regarding legal capacity. (shrink)

Physical exercise is seen as the main ally for health promotion, preventing and protecting the organism from several diseases. According to WHO, there is a tendency of constant growth in the elderly population in the coming years. The regular practice of exercises by the elderly becomes relevant to minimize the deleterious effects of the aging process and to increase the fitness index. Recently, the world population started a confrontation against Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), which is the most significant public health (...) challenge globally. Although social isolation is a reasonable measure in an attempt to stop contamination by COVID-19, this measure has limited the ability of individuals to exercise outdoors or in gyms and health clubs, which increased the risk of developing chronic illnesses related to a sedentary lifestyle. The critical point is that the recent recommendations on exercise prescription to combat the potentially harmful effects of COVID-19 failure to adequately address resistance exercise interventions as home-based exercise strategy. Thus, in this paper, we discussed the physical exercise as medicine if the training status is enough to protect the elderly against COVID-19 infection, about the role of physical activity on immunosuppression. Possible risks for COVID-19 infection, and the old training methods, such as no-load resistance training as possible resistance exercise strategies and high-intensity interval training, as new proposals of home-based exercise interventions, could perform during the current COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook Jahrgang: 2016 Heft: 1 Seiten: 51-74.

Can a constructive empiricist make sense of scientific representation? Usually, a scientific model is an abstract entity, and scientific representation is conceptualized as an intentional relation between scientific models and certain aspects of the world. On this conception, since both the models and the representation relation are abstract, a constructive empiricist, who is not committed to the existence of abstract entities, would be unable to invoke these notions to make sense of scientific representation. In this paper, instead of understanding representation (...) as a relation between abstract entities, I focus on the activity of representing, and argue that it provides a way of making sense of representation within the boundaries of empiricism. The activity of representing doesn’t deal with abstract entities, but with concrete ones, such as inscriptions, templates, and blueprints. In the end, by examining the practice of representing, rather than an artificially reified product—the representation—the constructive empiricist has the resources to make sense of scientific representation in empiricist terms. (shrink)